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![]() Email: info@searcs-web.com 19th Century Ireland - Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847) Daniel O'Connell was born near Cahirciveen, County Kerry and educated at St.Omar and Douai in France. In 1794 he entered Lincoln's Inn and was called to the Irish Bar on the Munster Circuit in 1798. O'Connell practised law until 1823, when, as leader of the more radical element in the Catholic Committee, he founded the Catholic Association to agitate for emancipation through constitutional means. A 'Fighting Fund' was raised through the Association's penny a month membership fee and O'Connell travelled through Ireland rallying the people. In December, 1824 O'Connell was imprisoned for delivering a seditious Address to the People of Ireland afterwhich he gave up the Bar to pursue the campaign for Catholic Emancipation. In 1828 O'Connell was elected to Parliament for Clare on the votes of the 40 shilling freeholders but was unable to take up his seat as Catholics were debarred. The English Government, fearing an insurrection, granted Catholic Emancipation on April 13th, 1829 while simultaneously raising the franchise to £10.00. The number of Irish Catholic MP's rose rapidly in the 1830's and in 1840 O'Connell formed the Repeal Association, believing he could gain the Repeal of the Act of Union in the same peaceful manner as he had won Catholic Emancipation. To this end he organised 'monster' rallies with as many as three quarters of a million people in attendance. In October, 1843 a rally in Clontarf was banned and O'Connell, together with Charles Gavin Duffy, was arrested, charged with Conspiracy, fined £2000 and sentenced to one year in prison. The sixty-eight year old O'Connell spent three months in Richmond Prison before the House of Lords repealed his sentence and O'Connell published A Memoir on Ireland Native and Saxon(1843). In 1846 the Repeal Association split and O'Connell left Ireland for Rome. He died en route at Genoa on May 15th, 1847. He is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin. This extract is from O'Connell's Address to the People of Ireland which he delivered in Dublin on December 2nd, 1824 and for which he was first imprisoned.© |
![]() Daniel O'Connell |
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FELLOW-COUNTRYMEN - We are your friends, your sincere friends, desirous to protect and to
serve you. We address you from motives of pure kindness and disinterested affection.
Listen to us because we are your friends - attend to us because we are most desirous to be
of use to you. Weigh well and deliberately what we offer to your consideration. Consider
it carefully. We appeal to your good sense and to your reason; make use of that common
sense which Providence has in its bounty given you in a degree equal, and perhaps superior
to any people on the face of the globe... We advise you to refrain totally from all secret societies, from all private combinations, from every species of Whiteboyism or Ribbonism, or by what ever other name any secret or private association may be called... We most solemnly assure you that secret and illegal societies - that Ribbonism and Whiteboyism, and violence, and outrage and crime - have always increased the quantity of misery and oppression in Ireland, and have never produced any relief or mitigation of the suffering of the people... Fellow-countrymen, we tell you nothing but the truth. No good, no advantage, no benefit has ever been produced in Ireland by Whiteboyism or Ribbonism, or any other species of secret association. Such associations are forbidden by the law of man; and as they are necessarily productive of crimes, they are more powerfully forbidden by the command of God. By the law of the land, any person who joins a secret association, bound together by an oath, or any engagement, or promise whatsoever, is liable to be transported. Any person who joins such a meeting by day is liable to fine, imprisonment and whipping. Any person who joins them by night is liable to transportation... And besides all these punishments by the regular course of the law, there is the Insurrection Act, which can be applied by the government to any disturbed district, and by means of that act any person who is out of his dwelling house from sunset to sunrise may be transported without judge or jury... The police are quite sufficient to put down the strongest Whiteboy force in anything like a regular attack; and if they were not, the police are reinforced by the yeomanry corps, and these again by the regular army. The government has at its command upwards of 100,000 infantry, cavalry and artillery, and if it wanted foreign aid against domestic disturbances, it could easily procure 100,000 more, so that all notion of being successful by means of Whiteboyism or secret societies, is as ridiculous and absurd as it is wicked and criminal. Let it be recollected too, that in all these disturbances and secret societies, no person of education, character, or property, takes a part; they are condemned by every honest and every intelligent person; and above all, they are reprobated by your truly amiable, intelligent, labourious, pious and beloved clergy... Fellow-countrymen, attend to our advice; we advise you to abstain from all such secret combinations. If you engage in them, you not only meet our decided disapprobation in conjunction with that of your reverend clergy, but you gratify and delight the basest and bloodiest faction that ever polluted a country, the Orange faction. The Orangemen anxiously desire that you should form Whiteboy and Ribbon, and other secret societies; they not only desire it, but they take an active part in promoting the formation of such societies. They send among you spies and informers, first to instigate you to crime and then to betray you to punishment. They supply their emissaries with money and they send them to different parts of the country, holding out to the people the pretense of being friends and fellow-sufferers. The instances are not few or remote, of such instigators; and it is quite natural that the Orangemen should adopt such measures, when the country is disturbed; it is the Orangeman's harvest. He is then employed in the constabulatory force and in the police and he obtains permanent pay in the yeomanry corps. He shares the rewards with the informer, and often keeps him to mark out his victim. He is also able to traduce the people and the religion of the land. The absence of constitutional law enables the Orangeman to exert the ruffian violence with impunity - and thus, by means of Whiteboy and secret societies and outrages, the fell Orangeman is able to gratify his predominant passions of avarice, oppression and cruelty. You could not please the Orangeman more than in embarking in secret societies, Whiteboyism and outrage. On the other hand, you could not do anything that could more afflict your sincere friends; you could do nothing that could give greater grief to the Catholic Association, that now affectionately and anxiously address you. We are struggling to obtain your rights by constitutional and legal means. We are endeavouring to obtain redress through the proper and legal channel for the oppressions which aggrieve you. © Searc's Web Guide 1997-2008 |
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